| Spanish Baroque poet. Date of Birth: 11.07.1567 Country: Spain |
Luis de Góngora y Argote was a renowned Spanish poet of the Baroque era. His exceptional talent and influential literary style left an indelible mark on Spanish literature.
Born the son of a corregidor, Góngora studied law at the University of Salamanca and later served as a canon in the cathedral of Córdoba. In 1589, he embarked on a journey across Spain, carrying out assignments for the cathedral chapter.
Góngora's literary career is often divided into two distinct periods. His early works, dating from before 1610, are known for their clarity and simplicity. This "clara" (clear) period saw him compose lyrical and satirical poems, including sonnets, romances, and letrillas.
A significant shift in Góngora's style occurred after 1610, marking the beginning of his "obscura" (dark) period. In this phase, he embraced a more complex and ornate writing style, characterized by elaborate metaphors, wordplay, and mythological allusions. His works from this period, such as the "Ode on the Capture of Larache" (1610) and the mythological poem "The Fable of Polyphemus and Galatea" (1613), exemplify this "culteranismo" or "cultist" movement.
In 1617, Góngora was appointed royal chaplain and resided at the court of King Philip III in Madrid until 1626. During this time, he composed some of his most renowned works, including the unfinished cycle of pastoral poems "Soledades" (Solitudes).
In 1627, Góngora suffered a severe illness that resulted in memory loss. He returned home and died in poverty a few years later. Despite the lack of widespread recognition during his lifetime, Góngora's contributions to Spanish literature were later celebrated.
Góngora's influence on Spanish poetry was profound. His innovative style challenged traditional norms and inspired a new generation of poets. In 1927, a commemoration of the 300th anniversary of his death gave rise to the "Generación del 27" (Generation of '27), a group of poets who embraced his legacy.
In the 20th century, Góngora's works were rediscovered and widely studied. Leading scholars, including Dámaso Alonso, highlighted the presence of "obscure" elements in his earlier poems. Today, his writings continue to inspire and ignite debates among literary enthusiasts.